CentOS7 扩展挂载点容量
记录CentOS7扩容的过程
一、前述
环境:
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
有一台服务器专门用于存储备份文件,发现磁盘空间不足,决定将此机器扩容,避免备份失败的问题。
二、动手实践
1、查看信息
(1)查看挂载点信息
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 9.0M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 692G 655G 37G 95% /
/dev/sdb 197G 39G 149G 21% /docbak
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 100G 1.3G 99G 2% /home
/dev/sda1 497M 167M 330M 34% /boot
tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
可以发现挂载点/
剩余37G。
(2)查看磁盘信息
[root@localhost data]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 800G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 499.5G 0 part
│ ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 691.6G 0 lvm /
│ ├─rhel-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
│ └─rhel-home 253:2 0 100G 0 lvm /home
└─sda3 8:3 0 300G 0 part
└─rhel-root 253:0 0 691.6G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk /docbak
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
2、扩展硬盘空间
在VMware中修改硬盘容量,原来800G,修改到900G。修改完成后,shutdown -r now
重启操作系统。
3、对扩容的硬盘进行分区、格式化
(1)查看调整后的磁盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sdb:214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节,419430400 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/sda:966.4 GB, 966367641600 字节,1887436800 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0x000c7640
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 1048575999 523774976 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 1048576000 1677721599 314572800 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/rhel-root:742.6 GB, 742630883328 字节,1450450944 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/rhel-swap:8455 MB, 8455716864 字节,16515072 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/rhel-home:107.4 GB, 107374182400 字节,209715200 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
发现/dev/sda
空间已扩展。
(2)磁盘分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
键入一下参数:
p 查看已分区数量(/dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3)
n 新增加一个分区
p 分区类型,选择主分区
分区号选4(1/2/3已占用,见上)
回车 默认选择(起始扇区)
回车 默认选择(结束扇区)
t 修改分区类型
选分区4
8e 修改为LVM(8e就是LVM)
w 写分区表,完成后退出fdisk命令
使用shutdown -r now
重启机器。
格式化/dev/sda4分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: 完成
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214400 blocks
1310720 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2174746624
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
4、添加到已有的LVM组,实现扩容
进入LVM管理
[root@localhost ~]# lvm
LVM基础知识:http://blog.csdn.net/wuweilong/article/details/7565530
在lvm>模式下执行命令:
(1)初始化刚创建的分区
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda4
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda4 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda4.
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
(2)查看卷组信息
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name rhel
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 9
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 799.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 204673
Alloc PE / Size 204673 / 799.50 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID d3fhu5-ruNq-0iRq-69ZC-u0yT-JwTW-Y9T8Hl
请记住VG Name
,这里是rhel
。
(3)将初始化的分区加入VG卷组
rhel 为VG Name,/dev/sda4为创建的分区。
lvm> vgextend rhel /dev/sda4
Volume group "rhel" successfully extended
(4)扩展已有卷的容量
该命令将使用卷组中100%的空闲空间
lvm> lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/rhel-root
Size of logical volume rhel/root changed from <691.63 GiB (177057 extents) to 791.62 GiB (202656 extents).
Logical volume rhel/root successfully resized.
(5)查看卷容量并退出
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name rhel
PV Size 499.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127874
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 127874
PV UUID nzzVmz-PJBf-3p7W-Z2lW-8Oq0-IlwE-NbBycQ
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name rhel
PV Size 300.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 76799
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 76799
PV UUID U9wmoC-CgxT-Hs2s-Qo4f-vVDw-kCE9-foAS6a
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name rhel
PV Size 100.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25599
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 25599
PV UUID nFIosU-cXRP-e6hh-CYwv-Go46-9pLv-sak605
(6)退出LVM
lvm> quit
Exiting.
5、文件系统扩容
上面的步骤只是卷扩容了,文件系统还没实现真正扩容
CentOS 7: 由于使用的是 XFS
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/centos-root is not a mounted XFS filesystem
报了异常,参数应该换为挂载点/
。
6、查看扩容后信息
(1)查看挂载点信息
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 9.0M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 792G 655G 137G 83% /
/dev/sdb 197G 39G 149G 21% /docbak
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 100G 1.3G 99G 2% /home
/dev/sda1 497M 167M 330M 34% /boot
tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
(2)查看逻辑卷信息
[root@localhost ~]# lvm
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/rhel/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name rhel
LV UUID xLcNX4-by9C-Z0BP-3f3B-cIec-0Kkc-QJ3nEZ
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-06-12 12:16:59 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size <7.88 GiB
Current LE 2016
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/rhel/root
LV Name root
VG Name rhel
LV UUID SMbaji-IaiM-iKBP-G9UW-9rNp-NCQ9-X8ee39
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-06-12 12:17:04 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 791.62 GiB
Current LE 202656
Segments 5
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/rhel/home
LV Name home
VG Name rhel
LV UUID SiC69c-paWj-pcBd-L1ez-6zWK-kw5z-LUekSB
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-06-12 13:07:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 100.00 GiB
Current LE 25600
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
扩容挂载点容量的过程已完毕!